Translation: A jet engine, also known as a turbojet engine, is a propulsion system widely used in the aviation field. Its working principle is based on Newton's Third Law, which states that "for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction." The following is the basic working process of a jet engine:
1. Intake: Air is drawn into the engine through the intake at the front. During high-speed flight, the design of the intake effectively slows down the incoming air to adapt to the internal working conditions of the engine.
2. Compression: The ingested air is compressed by multiple stages of compressors (typically axial-flow or centrifugal), significantly increasing its pressure and temperature. This process increases air density, providing sufficient oxygen for subsequent combustion.
3. Combustion: The compressed air enters the combustion chamber, where it mixes with fuel (usually aviation kerosene) and ignites. The resulting high-temperature, high-pressure gas expands rapidly, driving the turbine blades to rotate.
4. Turbine: The turbine is connected to the compressor. Driven by the high-temperature, high-pressure gas from the combustion chamber, the turbine rotates, in turn powering the compressor to continue compressing incoming air. This forms a cycle between the turbine and compressor, ensuring continuous and efficient engine operation.
5. Exhaust: After passing through the turbine, the gas still possesses high speed and some pressure. This gas is expelled at high velocity through the nozzle at the rear of the engine, generating powerful thrust that propels the aircraft forward. According to Newton's Third Law, the high-speed exhaust exerts a backward force on the engine, while the engine applies an equal and opposite forward force—thrust—to the aircraft.
6. Regulation: Modern jet engines are equipped with sophisticated control systems that can adjust operating parameters—such as fuel supply rate and turbine speed—based on flight conditions and demands, optimizing performance and efficiency.
Due to their high efficiency, strong thrust, and excellent high-altitude performance, jet engines have become one of the primary power sources for modern aircraft.
2026/7/3